On mandibular molars, which cusp is considered a functional cusp?

In the context of mandibular molars, the buccal cusp is considered the functional cusp primarily because it plays a crucial role in occlusion and mastication. During the chewing process, the buccal cusps of the mandibular molars contact the opposing maxillary molars, aiding in the grinding and crushing of food. This functional aspect is vital for normal chewing and overall oral function.

In contrast, the lingual cusp of the mandibular molars is generally considered non-functional for occlusal purposes, as it primarily serves a supportive role but does not engage in the same way during the chewing cycle. The mesial and distal cusps have their place in dental anatomy but are less involved in the primary function of occlusal contact during mastication compared to the buccal cusp. Understanding the roles of these various cusps helps in diagnosing and planning treatments related to dental occlusion and prosthetic design.