Why do centric and noncentric cusps differ in thickness?

Centric and noncentric cusps differ in thickness primarily due to the different required strength against loaded functional forces. Centric cusps, which are typically located on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, play a vital role in occlusion and maintaining proper bite. They are subjected to greater forces during chewing and grinding, which necessitates a thicker structure to endure these loads without fracturing or deforming.

Noncentric cusps, on the other hand, are designed to assist in guiding the movement of the jaw rather than bearing the primary load during function. Their reduced thickness reflects their role, which does not require the same level of strength as that of the centric cusps. Thus, the difference in thickness is a functional adaptation to their respective roles in dental occlusion and force distribution during mastication.

While factors like location, design, visibility requirements, and material choices can influence dental restorations in various ways, they do not directly account for the intrinsic differences in cusp thickness related to functional load bearing. The primary focus should remain on the mechanical demands placed on each type of cusp during normal functions of the jaw.